The Samba Server Configuration Tool does not display shared printers or the default stanza that allows users to view their own home directories on the Samba server.
The first step in configuring a Samba server is to configure the basic settings for the server and a few security options. The Basic tab is displayed as shown in Figure On the Basic tab, specify which workgroup the computer should be in as well as a brief description of the computer. They correspond to the workgroup and server string options in smb. Authentication Mode — This corresponds to the security option. Select one of the following types of authentication.
For this option, Kerberos must be installed and configured on the server, and Samba must become a member of the ADS realm using the net utility, which is part of the samba-client package. Refer to the net man page for details. Specify the realm of the Kerberos server in the Kerberos Realm field. The server passes the username and password to the Controller and waits for it to return.
The Encrypted Passwords option must be set to Yes if this is selected. Server — The Samba server tries to verify the username and password combination by passing them to another Samba server. If it can not, the server tries to verify using the user authentication mode. Share — Samba users do not have to enter a username and password combination on a per Samba server basis. They are not prompted for a username and password until they try to connect to a specific shared directory from a Samba server.
User — Default Samba users must provide a valid username and password on a per Samba server basis. Select this option if you want the Windows Username option to work. Refer to Section Encrypt Passwords — This option must be enabled if the clients are connecting from a system with Windows 98, Windows NT 4.
The passwords are transfered between the server and the client in an encrypted format instead of as a plain-text word that can be intercepted. This corresponds to the encrypted passwords option. Notice that we have removed the interfaces and bind interfaces only lines to ensure that smbd and nmbd bind to both eth0 and eth1 :. Without this ending puncutation, Samba does not correctly interpret the address as a network. We have also added a single host from the It is important to understand how Samba sorts out the rules specified by hosts allow and hosts deny :.
If no allow or deny options are defined anywhere in smb. If hosts allow or hosts deny options are defined in the [global] section of smb. If only a hosts allow option is defined for a share, only the hosts listed are allowed to use the share. All others are denied. If only a hosts deny option is defined for a share, any client that is not on the list can use the share.
If both a hosts allow option and a hosts deny option are defined, the allow list takes precendence. But if a host does not match the allow list or the deny list, it is granted implicit access. In this case, hosts that belong to the subnet The deny list in the case is completely disregarded because it is a subset of the allow list. To allow all hosts in the The networking options introduced earlier are summarized in Table When enabled, Samba will bind only to those interfaces specified by the interfaces option.
The hosts allow option sometimes written as allow hosts specifies the clients that have permission to access shares on the Samba server, written as a comma- or space-separated list of hostnames of systems or their IP addresses. Domain names, which can be differentiated from individual hostnames because they start with a dot.
For example,. Netgroups, which start with an at sign , such as printerhosts. If netgroups are supported on your system, there should be a netgroups manual page that describes them in more detail. Subnets, which end with a dot. For example, For example, you could specify that Samba allow all hosts except those on the The hostname localhost , for the loopback address This address is required for Samba to work properly.
Other than that, there is no default value for the hosts allow configuration option. The default course of action, in the event that neither the hosts allow or hosts deny option is specified in smb. If you specify hosts allow or hosts deny in the [global] section, that definition applies to all connections to the server.
In a sense, this definition overrides any hosts allow lines in the share definitions, which is the opposite of the usual behavior. In actuality, the service level definition applies to the tree connection requests described in Chapter 1 and the [global] defaults apply to all packets prior to that request i.
The hosts deny option synonymous with deny hosts specifies client systems that do not have permission to access a share, written as a comma- or space-separated list of hostnames or their IP addresses.
Use the same format for specifying clients as the hosts allow option earlier. For example, to restrict access to the server from everywhere but the subnet example.
There is no default value for the hosts deny configuration option, although the default course of action in the event that neither option is specified is to allow access from all sources.
Never include the loopback address localhost at IP address If the loopback address is disabled, the locally generated packets requesting the change of the encrypted password are discarded by Samba.
In addition, both local browsing propagation and some functions of SWAT require access to the Samba server through the loopback address and do not work correctly if this address is disabled. The interfaces option specifies the networks that you want the Samba server to recognize and respond to. This option is handy if you have a computer that resides on more than one network subnet and want to restrict the networks that Samba will serve.
If this option is not set, Samba searches out and utilizes all broadcast-capable network interfaces on the server, including loopback devices. The loopback interface lo is automatically added to this list. The bind interfaces only option can be used to force the smbd and nmbd processes to respond only to those addresses specified by the interfaces option and to loopback network devices. To prevent Samba from processing any packets including broadcast packets whose source address does not correspond to any of the network interfaces specified by the interfaces option, define the following line in addition to a list of interfaces:.
Virtualization has become a hot topic in recent years. Unix administrators have a longer history managing virtual services. In fact, nothing but the standard TCP and IP headers are available in the initial connection request packet.
There are two solutions to this problem. By default, smbd binds to TCP ports and However, the smb ports option allows administrators to restrict smbd solely to TCP port and thus force the clients to use NetBIOS services for locating and accessing a Samba host.
The only piece of information yet presented is the option for defining additional NetBIOS names to which the server will respond. Now to put all the pieces together. Figure illlustrates how the virtual servers would appear when browsing the network. To support virtual configurations over port , the server must possess multiple network interfaces, although they do not necessarily have to be real interfaces; virtual interfaces work also.
In this case, the destination IP address transmitted in the connection request determines what role the Samba server should play.
In this case, the configuration can drop the netbios aliases option and add the new names to the domain name service. If the server has three IP addresses, Notice that we have removed the smb ports line, so the parameter reverts to the default of both and Having removed the netbios aliases option, we enter the hostnames into our DNS server:.
None of the Windows NT-based operating systems are subject to this limitation. Table summaries the new parameters necessary for configuring virtual Samba hosts. List of port numbers to which smbd should listen for incoming CIFS requests. When a connection is requested to any of the servers, it connects to the same Samba server. The smb ports parameter controls the TCP ports on which smbd listens. The default list, ports and , matches Windows and later servers.
A more common use is to restrict smbd to only one of the default ports, such as forcing clients to use NetBIOS transport services:. To find out why Samba did what it did, check the logfiles. Samba logfiles can be as brief or verbose as you like. Here is an example of what a Samba logfile at level 3 looks like:.
Much of this information is of use only to Samba programmers. However, we go over the meaning of some of these entries in more detail in Chapter Samba includes several options that allow administrators to define the granularity, verbosity, and location of logfiles. Each of these are global options and cannot appear inside a share definition.
Here are some of the more common logging options that you might use on a production server:. This is a relatively light debugging level. The logging level ranges from 0 to 10; level 0 provides only critical error messages and level 10 provides a plethora of low-level information. In practice, avoid using log levels greater than 3 unless you are working on the Samba source code or temporaily debugging a specific problem. Isolating the log messages can be invaluable in tracking down a network error if you know the problem is coming from a specific client system or user.
A common question is why two logfiles are created for each client machine when the logfile is defined as log. The reason is the use of port by newer Windows operating systems. If a logfile exceeds this size, the contents are moved to a file with the same name but with the suffix. If the.
The original file is cleared, waiting to receive new logging information. This precaution prevents the hard drive from being overwhelmed with Samba logfiles during the life of the Samba daemons.
It is possible to use the system logger syslog , implemented by the syslogd daemon in addition to or in place of the standard Samba logging file. However, in order to use syslog, you must first make sure that Samba was built with the --with-syslog configure option.
See Chapter 2 for more information on configuring and compiling Samba. See the smb. If there is not already a daemon. From there, you can set a value for the syslog parameter in your Samba configuration file to specify which logging messages are to be sent to syslog. Only messages that have debug levels lower than the value of the syslog parameter are sent to syslog.
This parameter only defines the threshold below which messages are sent to syslogd. The log level parameter still controls which messages are logged in the first place. For example, setting the following:. The mappings to syslog priorities are described in the upcoming section " syslog. Logging messages with levels of 0 through 2 are sent to both syslog and the Samba logging files, and messages with a level of 3 or 4 are sent to the Samba logging files, but not to syslog.
If you want to specify that messages be sent only to syslog—and not to the standard Samba logging files—you can enable the syslog only option. If this is set, any logging information at or above the number specified in the syslog option is discarded. Table lists each logging configuration option that Samba can use. If yes , uses syslogd entirely and sends no output to the Samba logfiles. The log file option can be used to set the name of the logfile to another location.
Variable substitution allows you to create logfiles specifically for individual users or clients. However, this switch does not override the log file option. The log level option sets the amount of data to be logged.
Normally this option is set to 0 the default, which logs only critical messages or 1. However, if you have a specific problem, you might want to set it to 2 or 3, either of which provides the most useful debugging information you would need to track down a problem. Levels above 5 provide information primarily for the developers to use for chasing internal bugs, and slow down the server considerably. For normal day-to-day operation, the recommended setting is 0, unless you are tracking specific information.
The max log size option sets the maximum size, in kilobytes, of the debugging logfile that Samba keeps. When the logfile exceeds this size, the current logfile is renamed to add a.
Here, if the size of any logfile exceeds 1 MB, Samba renames the logfile samba. If there is already a file with the. Using this option protects unwary administrators from suddenly discovering that most of the space on a disk or partition has been swallowed up by a single Samba logfile.
It is generally a good idea to use some type of log rotation strategy, either by leveraging internal functionality or by using external tools such as logrotate. By default, Samba includes a timestamp header with each log entry. This can be very useful when running at level 0 or 1, due to the infrequency at which messages are logged.
If you happen to be debugging a network problem and you find that the timestamp information within the Samba log lines gets in the way, you can turn it off by disabling the debug timestamp also known as timestamp logs. For example, a normal Samba logfile presents its output in the following form:. With a no value for this option, the output would appear without the timestamp, giving no indication of when the event occurred.
These two options provide a means of separating log messages for different users that are interwoven into a single logfile. The debug uid option fills in the real and effective uid and group values in the header.
The following is an example of a message written by an smbd with a pid of , a uid of , and a gid of Both options require that the debug timestamp parameter be enabled to have any effect. The syslog option causes Samba log messages to be sent to the Unix system logger and is available only when Samba has been compiled to include --with-syslog when running the configure script at build time. The amount of log information to be sent is specified as a numeric value; syslog can accept any valid log level.
Logging information with a level lower than the number specified is sent to the system logger. Debug logs greater than or equal to the syslog level, but less than the log level, are still sent to the standard Samba logfiles.
In this instance, all logging information with a level of 0 and 1 is sent to the standard Samba logs and the system logger, and information at levels 2 and 3 is sent only to the standard Samba logs.
Levels above 3 are not logged at all. All messages sent to the system logger are mapped to a priority level that the syslogd daemon understands, as shown in Table The default level is 1. The syslog only option instructs Samba not to use its own logging files at all and to use only the system logger. To enable this behavior, specify the option in the global section of the Samba configuration file, as in the following example:.
This option has no effect if Samba has not been compiled to include the --with-syslog feature. Samba provides this built-in share regardless of the services listed in smb.
The netbios aliases parameter relates more to name registration. For example, level can be used to debug password changes. Generally, 10 is the highest debug level used when debugging even by developers. Others may require that any new logfiles exist prior to writing to log entries. Skip to main content. Start your free trial. Chapter 4. The Samba Configuration File. Basic Syntax and Rules. Configuration File Structure.
Global Global options must appear in the [ global ] section and nowhere else. Share or service Share options can appear in share definitions, the [global] section, or both. Integer The maximum value of the integer depends on the use of the parameter. Character string or list Aside from boolean, this is the most common parameter type. Enumerated types Some parameters accept a value from discrete list of possibilities.
Plug-ins These are predominately new to Samba 3. Warning The testparm utility verifies only the syntax of parameter names and Boolean parameter values. Whitespace, delimiters, and capitalization. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook.
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