American Indian removal policies. Toggle navigation. Jump to: navigation , search. Lawrence at Tadoussac. It was the start of deep involvement by the Algonquins with the French in the fur trade. Every fur trader, who hoped to be successful in exploring the interior of Canada, prepared for the journey by familiarizing himself with the Algonquin language, since it was recognized as the root language for many other Aboriginal languages. Today, the political boundary between Quebec and Ontario exists, but in those days, as today, Algonquins lived on both sides of the Ottawa River.
In these early days, they were semi-nomadic, moving from one place to the next in search of food from hunting, trapping, fishing and gathering. Travel was by foot and by birch bark canoe in the summer months and toboggans and snowshoes in the winter. Clothing and tents were made from animal skins, though tents, also known as wigwams, were sometimes made of birch bark.
During the summer months, groups gathered along the river to fish, hunt and socialize. When winter arrived, groups spread out into smaller hunting camps made up of large families. The climate was harsh and starvation was not uncommon.
Lawrence as far west as the Lachine Rapids. Champlain left for France shortly afterwards, but upon his return in , he immediately moved his fur trade upstream to a new post to shorten the distance that the Algonquins were required to travel for trade.
Champlain again encountered Algonquins in the land claim area in and when he travelled up the Ottawa River. Champlain again encountered Algonquins in the land claim area in and when he traveled up the Ottawa River. Champlain was anxious to conclude treaties with both the Algonquins and their Montagnais allies, both of whom were allied against the feared Iroquois Confederacy. Champlain felt a treaty with the Algonquins would preclude competition from his European rivals, who were mainly the Dutch but also the English.
The Algonquins, Montagnais, and their Huron allies, were reluctant to commit themselves to the long, dangerous journey to trading posts north of the Ottawa River unless the French were willing to help them in their war against other members of the Iroquois Confederacy. In this, the French provided support and gained great commercial opportunities. Fur from the Great Lakes flowed down the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers to the French during the years that followed, and the Algonquins and their allies dominated the Ottawa and St.
Lawrence valleys. However, the Iroquois remained a constant threat, and in winning the trade and friendship of the Algonquins, the French had made a dangerous enemy for themselves.
It did not take long for the focus of the fur trade to move farther west, because the French had already learned about the trapping areas to the west controlled by the Hurons, who were Algonquin allies against the Iroquois. The quantity and quality of the fur available from the Hurons could not be ignored, and in the French and Hurons signed a formal treaty of trade and alliance at Quebec.
The following year, Champlain made his second journey up the Ottawa River to the Huron villages south of Georgian Bay. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Tyson Brown, National Geographic Society. National Geographic Society. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. They will best know the preferred format.
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Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. The invasion of the North American continent and its peoples began with the Spanish in at St. Augustine, Florida, then British in when the Plymouth Company established a settlement that they dubbed Roanoke in present-day Virginia.
This first settlement failed mysteriously and in , the London Company established a presence in what would become Jamestown, Virginia. From there, the French founded Quebec in , then the Dutch started a colony in in present-day New York.
While Native Americans resisted European efforts to amass land and power during this period, they struggled to do so while also fighting new diseases introduced by the Europeans and the slave trade. Search The Canadian Encyclopedia. Remember me. I forgot my password. Why sign up? Create Account. Suggest an Edit. Enter your suggested edit s to this article in the form field below.
Accessed 14 November In The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Article published September 30, ; Last Edited October 09, The Canadian Encyclopedia , s. Thank you for your submission Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Algonquin are Indigenous peoples that have traditionally occupied parts of western Quebec and Ontario, centring on the Ottawa River and its tributaries.
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