Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. The risk is even higher for gay black men. There are several reasons why gay and bisexual men are at higher risk of HIV than their straight counterparts. Some of the reasons are based on certain types of sex that result in greater risk of infection due to how HIV is biologically transmitted.
Not all gay men engage in anal sex. However, anal sex is one of the main reasons that gay men have higher rates of HIV. Scientists have estimated that the average HIV transmission rate during anal sex is 18 times higher than the rate during vaginal intercourse. The risk of acquiring HIV during an act of unprotected anal intercourse is estimated to be 1.
Some heterosexual men and women also engage in anal sex. However, there's another biological factor that makes anal sex riskier for gay men. They are much more likely to engage in both "topping" and "bottoming," or penetrating and receiving. This is known as role variability, and it has been shown to increase HIV transmission risk.
Men who practice receptive, unprotected anal intercourse are at higher risk of contracting HIV. When men do both, the combination of behaviors optimizes the spread of HIV in a way not seen in heterosexual couples. In heterosexual couples, men are far more likely to penetrate and women to be penetrated.
Because of this, HIV is far more likely to spread from the male partner to the female partner than vice versa. Social institutions also play a role in the increased risk of HIV among gay men.
For Latino and Black men who have sex with men, the rates are in 1 in 4 and 1 in 2, respectively. Transgender people have also been hit especially hard by the epidemic despite comprising a similarly small percentage of the U. While better data is needed to understand the full impact of HIV on the transgender community, one international analysis found that transgender women in certain communities have 49 times the odds of living with HIV than the general population.
In most states , it is perfectly legal to discriminate against someone on the basis of their sexual orientation or their gender identity in one or more aspects of their life, including employment, housing, and public accommodations. Explicit non-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation or gender identity do not exist at the federal level either. Dealing with the potential consequences of bias and discrimination — job loss, homelessness, lack of healthcare insurance — often results in LGBTQ people engaging in behaviors that facilitate the spread of HIV.
For example, in the face of persistent employment discrimination, many transgender women are left with few other options but to engage in survival sex work in order to meet their most basic needs. A Kaiser Family Foundation survey of gay and bisexual men in the U. For gay and bisexual youth who are just beginning to explore their sexuality, homophobia and other forms of anti-LGBTQ bias help explain why so many young people in our community are unaware of their HIV status.
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Unlike some other viruses, the human body cannot get rid of HIV. That means that once you have HIV, you have it for life. Learn more ways HIV is transmitted. Insertive anal sex topping is less risky for getting HIV than receptive anal sex bottoming.
In general, there is little to no risk of getting or transmitting HIV from oral sex. Limit your number of sex partners. The more partners you have, the more likely you are to have a partner with poorly controlled HIV or to have a partner with a sexually transmitted disease STD.
Both factors can increase the risk of HIV transmission. Use condoms correctly every time you have sex.
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